Brief History of Brislington

Early history
Brislington is known to have been inhabited in Roman times because the remains of a Roman villa dating from around AD 270-300 were found when Winchester Road was being built in1899. The villa was probably the centre of a large estate and is believed to have been destroyed by fire about AD 367, perhaps after a raid by Irish pirates.At the time of the Domesday Book’s compilation in 1087, ‘Brisilton’ was part of the manor of ‘Cainesham’ (Keynsham). It became a manor in its own right in 1087 when William II gave it to Robert Fitzhamon, a nephew of William the Conqueror. The village grew up around a bridge over Brislington Brook, with a few wattle and daub huts and the old village preaching cross which still stands today in St Luke’s Churchyard.

Religion
There has been a church on the site of the present St Luke’s since at least the thirteenth century. Originally it was served by the Augustinian canons from Keynsham Abbey which was founded in about 1166. The present church dates from 1420 and was built by the 5th Baron Thomas la Warr. The family (later the de la Warrs) were the lords of the manor from the late 12th Century to the late 16th Century; they were to give their name to the state of Delaware in the USA. The north aisle of St Luke's was added in 1819 and the church was extensively altered and lengthened in 1873/4. In medieval times Brislington became a well known place of pilgrimage, rivalling Walsingham and Canterbury. In about 1276 Roger la Warr founded the Chapel of St Anne-in- the-Wood near a holy well, which was said to have healing powers. The chapel was twice visited by Henry VII, in 1486 and again in 1502 accompanied by his queen, Elizabeth of York. It survived until it was dismantled in 1538 under Henry VIII’s Dissolution of the Monasteries. The building fell into decay, but traces were still visible until the early 20th Century.

Manors of Brislington
Brislington had two manor houses. The medieval moated and fortified manor house of the de la Warrs stood in West Town Lane. Parts of this manor dated back to Saxon times. It later became known as Manor Farm and was demolished in 1933 to make way for the Imperial Sports Ground. Langton Court, (left) originally known as Brislington Farm, was developed in the 17th Century, and was named by the Langtons (later the Gore-Langtons) who purchased the manor of Brislington from the Lacy family in 1667. In 1892 the Langton family inherited the title Earl Temple of Stowe. Langton Court was virtually demolished in 1902 to build the Langton Court Arms public house on the same site in Langton Court Road, but the earliest part of the building dating from around 1590 still survives.

18th Century development
In the mid-18th Century the older Brislington family names began to be replaced by the new landed gentry, and Brislington became a fashionable retreat for Bristol Merchants ‘when got up in the world’. They built many fine houses, some of which still stand. The Ireland and Cooke families who later became the Clayfield-Irelands, and Cooke-Hurles, were the main landowners in the 18th Century continuing to be so until well into the 20th Century. Brislington became well known for two buildings. The first, Brislington House, believed to be the first purpose built Mental Asylum for the humane treatment of the insane, was built by a Cornish Quaker, Dr Edward Long Fox (1761-1835) and opened in 1804. It continued to be run by the Fox family for nearly 150 years and closed in 1952. It was converted into flats in 2001. The second, the Arno’s Group of buildings, (including ‘The Black Castle’) was built by William Reeve, a rich eccentric Quaker copper smelter. In 1850 the house became a Roman Catholic convent and girl’s reformatory school, remaining so until 1948. It became a hotel in 1960.

19th Century
In the 19th Brislington was described as ‘the prettiest village in Somerset’ and it must indeed have looked beautiful. Kingfishers could be seen on the banks of the brook, nightingales sang in St Luke’s Churchyard, children picked moon daisies in Holymead Fields, and the gentry shot hares and pheasants on their estates. In the 1890s Brislington began to expand. Houses were built at ‘New Brislington’ (St Anne’s) and the Sandy Park area began to be developed. In 1897 part of the old parish of Brislington was taken into the Bristol boundary, although the area around the old village continued to be part of North Somerset until 1933. Brislington had its own Parish Council from 1894-1933. In 1921 the Cooke-Hurle family of Brislington Hill House left the district (although most of their property was not sold until 1946) and the house was converted into flats. Sadly it was bombed in a wartime air-raid in 1941. Alfred Clayfield-Ireland, known as the last ‘Squire of Brislington’ lived at Brislington Hall (the site now occupied by the Toys R Us building). When he died in 1923 his large estate was broken up, and Brislington Hall was finally demolished in 1933’

Industry
Industrial building began with the CWS butter factory in Whitby Road in 1904, followed by the Motor Constructional Works (later Bristol Commercial Vehicles) in 1912, the St Annes Board Mills and Robertsons Jam Factory, both in 1914. Brislington Trading Estate began in 1927 with the Crittalls building, followed by Trist Draper ‘Top Dog’ Works in 1930, Smiths Crisps (1936), and John Wright & Sons printers (1948). Most major industry closed in the 1980s, and almost all of the original buildings have now been demolished.

20th to today
Brislington was still very much a rural, semi-agricultural community until well into 20th Century. At the turn of the century there were sixteen main working farms in the village and several small-holdings, as well as market gardens. The main ones were run by the Ford family (in the Bloomfield road area), the Coggins family at the ‘Rock’, and Biggs at the ‘Shrubberies’. Only 5 farmhouses survive today. The village smithy survived until mid 1940s. Despite many buildings being lost through thoughtless demolition and wartime bombing, over sixty examples of the big houses, farmhouses and cottages still survive. Most people know Brislington as a village they pass through on their way to Bath, as a location of major supermarkets or to visit the Showcase Cinema. Although Brislington is now a busy suburb of Bristol, it still retains something of its village past, and its history stretches back over a thousand years.


Nos 81-83 Sandy Park Road 1923 and 2010